Fluid-actuated tool.



M. MAXIMILIAN.

FLUID ACTUATED TOOL. IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Ecl 24, 1912,

PATENT OFFICE.

M QX MAXIMILIAN, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

FLUID-ACTUATED TOOL.

1,osa,24.3.l

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 3, 1914.

Application led December 24, 1912. Serial No. 738,498.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, MAX MAXIMILIAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at St. Louis, in the State of Missouri, have invented new and useful Improvements in ]3`luid-Actuated Tools, of which the following is a specification. l

This invention relates to improvements in fluid actuated tools and in the present instance, has particular application to a pneumatic hammer.

In carrying out the present invent-ion, it is my purpose to provide a pneumatic hammer wherein the flow of air to and from the cylinder will be automatically controlled and whereby rivets, bolts and other like articles may be acted upon positively and quickly to effect the lapplication of such article to the work.

It is also my purpose to provide a pneumatic hammer which will embody among other features a Avalve chamber equipped with a hollow fluid conducting shaft, and a valve slidably disposed upon said shaft and controlling the passage of the fluid through the shaft to the valve casing and from the valve casing to the cylinder of the hammer, the valve being automatic and positive in action. Furthermore, I aim to provide a pneumatic hammer which will embrace the desired features of simplicity, etliciency, durability and strength coupled with cheapness of cost in manufacture and marketing and which whenin use will operate quickly and effectively for its intended purpose.

With the above and other objects in view, the invention consists inthe construction, combination and arrangement ofparts hereinafter set forth in and falling within the scope of the claim.

In the accompanying drawings; Figure 1 is l a central longitudinal sectional view through the pneumatic hammer constructed in accordance with the present invention. Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view through the same. Fig. 3 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view taken through the valve chamber'. Fig. 4 is a detail perspective View of the valve.

Referring no w to the accompanying drawings in detail, the numeral 1 indicates the v cylinder of the hammer which may be constructed of any suitable or preferred material and has formed in one end thereof a bore or socket designed for the reception of a suitable form of tool 2, the shank of the latter extending an appropriate distance into the cylinder. Slidably mounted within the cylinder 1 is a piston 3 having one end thereof adapted to impact the adjacent end of the shank of the tool for the usual and well known purpose. Formed in the piston 3 is an annular groove 4 for a purpose which Awill presently appear.

The end of the cylinder' 1 opposite from the tool end is open and has secured thereto in any suitable manner a valve casing 4 formed with a valve chamber 5, while fas4 tened to the upper end of the valve chamber is a cap plate 6 carrying a hollow fluid conducting shaft 7 depending into the valve chamber 5 centrally thereof and upon valve 8. Formed in the wall of the valve chamber 5 is an annular groove 9 having communication with a port 10 formed in the lower end of the valve casing and in open communication with the cylinder above the piston therein. Formed in the valve casing 4 and the cylinder l are axially alining ports or bores coperating to provide Huid inlet passages 11 and 1Q, and exhaust passages 13 and 14, the last-named passage 13 having open communication with a common exhaust port 15` communicating with the valve chamber 5 at one end and with the atmosphere at the opposite end. At, its upper end, the inlet passage 11 is adapted to have communication with an aperture 1G. formed in the hollow shaft 7, by way of the valve chamber, while the lower end of such passage 11 has communication with the lower end of the cylinder below the piston therein. The passage 12 has communication with the lower end of the valve chamber 5, as shown, and is designed to have communication with the passage 14 by way of the-groove 4 in the piston 3, when the latter is at the limit of its downward movement, as illustrated in Fig. 2 of the drawings. The free end of the passage 14 opens into the valve chamber 6 at the upper end thereof, while a transverse which is slidably disposed a controlling` position of the piston, the air acts upon they port 17 also establishes communication between the valve chamber 5 and the passage 11. p

The valve 8 is preferably of the differential piston type as clearly illustrated in Fig. 5 andhas the larger area thereof disposed within the upper portion of the valve charnber 5 while the relatively small area thereof is mounted within the lower portion of the valve ,chamber and controls the groove 9, a groove 18 being formed in the valve between the piston heads thereof and controlling the communication between the valve chamber and the ports 17 and 15.

In the present instance, the cylinder 1 at the end thereof opposite from the tool end has formed on its outer surface screw threads 19 designed to receive a sleeve 20 the latter housing the valve casing and is equipped with ahandle 21. Formed in the handle 21 is a fluid supply passage 22 adapted to establish communication betweena suitable source of air supply and the hollow valve shaft 7. This passage 22 is, in this instance, controlled by a throttle' valve 23 slidably disposed within a chamber intersect-ing the passage 22 and at right angles thereto, the throttle valve being operated to closed position by means of a spring 24 and to open position by means of a lever 25.

From the foregoing description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, the construction, mode of operation and manner of employing my improved pneumatic hammer will be readily apparent. Assuming the passage 22 connected up to a vsuitable source of air supply and the valve 23 in open position, the air from the passage 22 passes through .the hollow valve shaft 7 beneath the controlling valve 8 and acts on the small surface of the valve to elevate the same to establish communication between the lower end of the shaft 7 and the port 10. The air passing through the port will act upon the upper surface of the piston 3 to force theV latter downwardly within the cylinder and against the tool whereby the latter is operated as usual. piston 3 reachingthe limit of its downward movement, the annular groove 4 therein establishes communication between the passages 12 and 14 and the air within the valve chamber passes through the passage 12, groove 4 and passage 14 to the upper surface of the larger area of the valve. In this controlling valve 8 to force the latter downwardly of the shaft 7 and so establishes communication between the aperture 16 in the hollow shaft and the inlet passage 11. The air now travels along the inlet passage 11to the lower side of the piston 3 with the effect to move the latter to an inoperative position or away from the tool. As soon as Upon thev thevalve reaches its lowerV position, com-4 munication between the shaft 7 and port 10 -is cut olf and the latter, by way of 'the groove 9 in the wall of the valve chamber and the groove 18 in the valve 8, placed in open communication with the exhaust port 15 whereby the air on the upper side of the piston will exhaust into the atmosphere. As the piston moves to an inoperative position, communication between the passages 12 and 14 is cutoff incident to the groove 4 in the piston being moved out of registration with such passages. Any air remaining in port 11 will now pass through the transverse port 17 in the valvechamber and be discharged into the atmosphere by way of the groove 18 in the controlling valve and the common exhaust passage 15. In theY downward movement of the piston vunder the action of the air entering the cylinder vby way of the port 10, the fluid below the piston is discharged into the atmosphere by way of the passages 13 and 15.

It will be seen that I have provided a fluid actuated tool wherein the controlling valve is operable automatically and'in accordance with the Aposition of the piston within the cylinder and wherein the valve is slidably disposed upon a hollow fluid conducting shaft, thereby reducing the parts of the tool to a minimum and eliminating possibility of derangement incident to complicated structures.

While I haveJ herein shown and described one preferred form of my invention by way of illustration, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit or confine myself to the precise details, of construction herein de` scribed and delineated, as modification and variation may be made'within the scope of the claim and without departing fromithe spirit of the invention.

I claim:

A Huid actuated tool comprising a cylinder having an open end, a piston within the cylinder and formed with a circumferential groove, a valve casing secured to said cylinder at the open end thereof and having a valve chamber formed therein and provided with a port in the lower wall thereof leading into the upper end of the cylinder above the piston therein to establish communication between the valve chamber and cylinder, a cap closing said valve chamber, a hollow shaft secured to said cap and extending into the valve chamber and provided with an aperture, a valve disposed concentrically of said shaft and slidably mounted thereon within the valve lchamber and conforming to the contour of the latter, said valve casing and cylinder being provided with registering bores forming air passages, said valve controlling the first-mentioned port and the aperture 1n said shaft alternately whereby the piston will be reciprocated, certain of said passages and the atmosphere, and Huid said passages being adapted to be brought controlling means for the valve chamber. 10 into registration with each other by means In testimony whereof I aix my signature of the groove in `the piston and opening into in presence of two Witnesses.

'f the atmosphere, While the remaining pas- MAX MAXIMILIAN.

sages control the valve and form exhaust Witnesses: passages, the groove 1n sald valve serving to NICHOLAS NoLAN, estabhsh communicatlon between certain of JOSEPH J. DORAN. 

